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Citation & provenance

The Sharoufi Multimodal Debate Analysis Framework

Version 1.0 — in effect 14 September 2026

The Sharoufi Multimodal Debate Analysis Framework (v1.0) © Dr. Hussain Al Sharoufi. Developed manually between 1997–2001 and set out in the doctoral thesis "Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate". Any research, publication or public analysis produced with DebateLens must cite the framework and its author.

Doctoral deposit

The doctoral thesis Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate (2001) was completed at the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, under the supervision of Prof. Adrian Nicolescu, and is deposited at the National Library of Romania, Bucharest — call number V 47274. The deposit record is the dated, third-party proof of authorship of the framework; the thesis is held for on-site consultation and certified copies may be requested from the library citing the call number.

Official codebook

The complete, versioned register of every domain, category, operational definition, repetition type, gaze state, counting rule and licence condition is maintained by the framework author and is not published on this site. Researchers who need the codebook for replication or review may request it directly from the author, citing framework version 1.0.

How to cite

Any research, publication or public analysis produced with this platform must cite the framework and its author.

Doctoral thesis — APA 7th

Cite this for the original framework, its categories and its manual application.

Al Sharoufi, H. (2001). Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate [Doctoral dissertation, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures]. National Library of Romania, Bucharest — call number V 47274.

Doctoral thesis — MLA 9th

Humanities style for the same source.

Al Sharoufi, Hussain. Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate. 2001. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, PhD dissertation. National Library of Romania, Bucharest — call number V 47274.

Doctoral thesis — Chicago

Notes-and-bibliography style.

Al Sharoufi, Hussain. "Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate." PhD diss., University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, 2001. National Library of Romania, Bucharest — call number V 47274.

Lexical Cohesive Trio — framework article — APA 7th

Cite this whenever the cohesion layer, repetition patterning or the lexical web is used.

Al Sharoufi, H. (2014). A novel framework for teaching academic writing: The Lexical Cohesive Trio. Pragmatics and Society, 5(3), 484–507. John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.5.3.10sha

Lexical Cohesive Trio — Academic Writing Wizard application — APA 7th

Cite this for the first software implementation of the Trio.

Al Sharoufi, H. (2013). Academic Writing Wizard: A new web-based application for teaching academic writing using Lexical Cohesive Trio. Redefining Community in Intercultural Context, 2(1). Henri Coandă Air Force Academy Publishing House.

Lexical Cohesive Trio — national curriculum validation study — APA 7th

Cite this for the Ministry-of-Education pilot in Oman validating the Trio.

Al Sharoufi, H. (2022). Towards a unified English technology-based writing curriculum in the Arabian Gulf countries: the case of Oman. Language Testing in Asia, 12(1), Article 33. Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-022-00178-1

Culturemic framework — APA 7th

Cite this whenever the culturemic and pragmemic layer (Domain V, ADAR) is used.

Al Sharoufi, H., & Al Sharoufi, Z. (2026). A conceptual culturemic framework for analyzing cross-cultural miscommunication. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 14(2), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2026.2087259.4471

The Sharoufi Multimodal Debate Analysis Framework v1.0 — APA 7th

Cite this for the operational coding scheme as implemented in the platform.

Al Sharoufi, H. (2026). The Sharoufi Multimodal Debate Analysis Framework (Version 1.0) [Coding scheme]. DebateLens — Televised Political Debate Analyser.

The platform — APA 7th

Cite this for the software used to produce the analysis.

Al Sharoufi, H. (2026). DebateLens — Televised Political Debate Analyser (Version 1.0) [Computer software]. https://debatelens.org

BibTeX

All records above, for LaTeX bibliographies.

@phdthesis{alsharoufi2001debate, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain}, title = {Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate}, year = {2001}, type = {PhD dissertation}, school = {University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures}, note = {Deposited at the National Library of Romania, Bucharest, call no. V 47274} } @article{alsharoufi2014lct, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain}, title = {A novel framework for teaching academic writing: The Lexical Cohesive Trio}, journal = {Pragmatics and Society}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {484--507}, year = {2014}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, doi = {10.1075/ps.5.3.10sha} } @article{alsharoufi2013aww, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain}, title = {Academic Writing Wizard: A New Web-Based Application for Teaching Academic Writing Using Lexical Cohesive Trio}, journal = {Redefining Community in Intercultural Context}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Henri Coandă Air Force Academy Publishing House} } @article{alsharoufi2022oman, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain}, title = {Towards a Unified English Technology-Based Writing Curriculum in the Arabian Gulf Countries: The Case of Oman}, journal = {Language Testing in Asia}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {33}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Springer Open}, doi = {10.1186/s40468-022-00178-1} } @article{alsharoufi2026culturemic, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain and Al Sharoufi, Z.}, title = {A conceptual culturemic framework for analyzing cross-cultural miscommunication}, journal = {International Journal of Society, Culture \& Language}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {75--90}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.22034/ijscl.2026.2087259.4471} } @article{alsharoufi2025mt, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain and Al-Fadhli, Waleed S.}, title = {Bridging the Gap: Pragmatic and Cultural Challenges in Machine Translation}, journal = {International Journal of Society, Culture \& Language}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {29--43}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.22034/ijscl.2025.2062567.4066} } @article{alsharoufi2025hate, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain and Sultan, Ahmed Essam}, title = {Multilingual Hate Speech Analysis on Facebook: A Comparative Study in English, Arabic, and Romanian}, journal = {International Journal of Society, Culture \& Language}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {103--120}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.22034/ijscl.2024.2038402.3638} } @article{alsharoufi2025gema, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain}, title = {Enhancing English Fluency through Culturally Contextualised Pragmemes and Culturemes}, journal = {GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {368--387}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.17576/gema-2025-2502-04} } @misc{alsharoufi2026debatelens, author = {Al Sharoufi, Hussain}, title = {{The Sharoufi Multimodal Debate Analysis Framework} (Version 1.0)}, year = {2026}, howpublished = {DebateLens --- Televised Political Debate Analyser}, url = {https://debatelens.org} }

Documented chronology

The framework was developed manually between 1997–2001 and completed in the doctoral thesis Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate (2001), before automated discourse-analysis software or large language models existed. This record establishes the order in which the work was done.

  1. 1997–2001

    The five-domain framework is developed and applied manually to a televised presidential debate, before automated discourse-analysis tools or large language models existed.

  2. 2001

    The doctoral thesis "Pragmatic and Paralinguistic Features of Televised Political Discourse in a Political Debate" is completed at the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures (supervisor: Prof. Adrian Nicolescu) and deposited at the National Library of Romania, Bucharest — call number V 47274.

  3. 2013

    The Lexical Cohesive Trio is first implemented in software as the Academic Writing Wizard, published as "Academic Writing Wizard: A new web-based application for teaching academic writing using Lexical Cohesive Trio" in Redefining Community in Intercultural Context, 2(1). Henri Coandă Air Force Academy Publishing House.

  4. 2014

    The Lexical Cohesive Trio is published in Pragmatics and Society, 5(3), 484–507. John Benjamins, extending Hoey's patterns of lexis with reference, repetition and academic lexical phrases.

  5. 2022

    The Lexical Cohesive Trio is validated in a Ministry-of-Education pilot in Oman, published as "Towards a unified English technology-based writing curriculum in the Arabian Gulf countries: the case of Oman" in the Language Testing in Asia, 12(1), Article 33. Springer Open.

  6. 2026

    The culturemic framework is published as "A conceptual culturemic framework for analyzing cross-cultural miscommunication" in the International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 14(2), 75–90 (Q1), grounding the culturemic and pragmemic layer in peer-reviewed form.

  7. 2026

    The Sharoufi Multimodal Debate Analysis Framework v1.0 is released as the operational coding scheme implemented by DebateLens, together with the ADAR culturemic layer (discourseanalyser.org).

Related publications by the author

  • Al Sharoufi, H. (2020). Pragmemic dialogicality and its role in revisiting Derridean iterability. Redefining Community in Intercultural Context. Henri Coandă Air Force Academy Publishing House.
  • Al Sharoufi, H. (2025). Enhancing English fluency through culturally contextualised pragmemes and culturemes. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 25(2), 368–387. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2025-2502-04
  • Al Sharoufi, H., & Al-Fadhli, W. S. (2025). Bridging the gap: Pragmatic and cultural challenges in machine translation. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 13(2), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2025.2062567.4066
  • Al Sharoufi, H., & Sultan, A. E. (2025). Multilingual hate speech analysis on Facebook: A comparative study in English, Arabic, and Romanian. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 13(1), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2024.2038402.3638

Attribution carried by every export

Every table, dataset, figure and report the platform produces carries the same attribution line, so no exported material can circulate detached from the framework it was produced under:

Methodology & Framework © Dr. Hussain Al Sharoufi. All rights reserved. Generated by DebateLens.

Permissions

  • Quoting, citing and teaching from the framework is welcome, with attribution to Dr. Hussain Al Sharoufi.
  • Re-badging the framework under another name, redistributing the codebook as another party’s scheme, incorporating it into a commercial product, or using it as training data requires written permission.
  • Automated extraction or scraping of the workspace, its prompts or its stored analyses is not permitted.